CSS Syllabus Philosophy – 100 Makrs
I. Introduction:
Definition, Nature and Scope of Philosophy
II. Philosophical Methods:
Socratic Method (Socrates); Inductive Method (Bacon, Mill); Deductive Method
(Aristotle, Descartes); Dialectical Method (Hegel); Fallibilistic Method (Popper)
III. Epistemology: Rationalism (Plato, Descartes, Spinoza); Empiricism (Locke, Berkeley, Hume); Transcendentalism (Kant); Intuitionism (Bergsonl)
IV. Ontology: Idealism (Plato, Berkeley); Representative Realism (Locke); Materialism
(Marx)
V. Muslim Thinkers: Allama Iqbal., Imam Ghazali, Al-Farabi, Ibn-e- Sina, Ibn-e- Khaldun, Ibn-e-Rushid, Shah Wali Ullah
VI. Ethics: What is morality? The challenge of cultural relativism: Does morality depend on religion. Psychological and ethical egoism: Virtue Ethics (Aristotle), Moral Absolutism (Kant), Utilitarianism (Mill), Social Contract Theory.
VII. Contemporary Philosophical Movements:
Existentialism (Heidegger, Sartre); Pragmatism (Peirce, James, Dewey); Neo- pragmatism (Rorty); Postmodernism (Lyotard, Foucault, Derrida)
SUGGESTED READINGS
| S.No. | Title | Author |
| 1. | History of Western Philosophy | Bertrand Russell |
| 2. | Philosophy: The Power of Ideas | Brooke Noel Moore & Kenneth Bruder |
| 3. | Elements of Moral Philosophy | James Rachels |
| 4. | Existentialism & Human Emotions. Philosophical Library |
Jean Paul Sartre |
| 5. | The Postmodern Condition: A Report on Knowledge | Jean-Francois Lyotard |
| 6. | Descartes to Derrida: An Introduction to European Philosophy |
Peter Sedgwick |
| 7. | Continental Philosophy in the 20th Century | Richard Kearney |
| 8. | A Short History of Modern Philosophy | Roger Scruton |
| 9. | Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (plato.stanford.edu). Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy (www.iep.utm.edu). | Internet Resources |