Zoology

CSS Syllabus Zoology – 100 Marks

I. Animal Diversity-Invertebrates

· Architectural pattern of an animal, Taxonomy and phylogeny, Major subdivisions of animal kingdom.

· Animal-Like Protists: The Protozoa: evolutionary perspective, locomotion and reproduction, Protozoa of veterinary and medical importance.

· Porifera: Body wall, skeleton and water currents system. Coelenterates: Reproduction plan and alteration of generation (Polymorphism), Coral reefs.

· Platyhelminthes and Nematodes: Parasitic adaptations and medical importance.
Annelids: Metamerism and ecological importance.

· Molluscs: Modification of foot, Feeding and their role in the shell fishery.

· Arthropods: Modification in their mouth parts, Role of arthropods as vectors in the transmission in microbial infection. Arthropods and their ecological importance.

· Echinoderms: Characteristics, Evolutionary perspective, Relationships to other animals; echinoderm characteristics.

II. Animal Diversity-Chordata

· Hemichordates and Invertebrate Chordates: Evolutionary Perspective: Phylogenetic
Relationships and considerations.

· Fishes: Structural and functional adaptations of fishes.

· Amphibian: Movement onto land and early evolution of terrestrial vertebrates.

· Reptiles: Characteristics of reptiles, adaptations in reptilians.

· Birds: Migration and navigation, adaptations.

· Mammal: Structural and functional adaptations of mammals. III. Principles of Animal Life
· The chemical basis of animal life: Brief introduction to bio-molecules; carbohydrates,
lipids, proteins and nucleic acids.

· Cell concept and cell theory, Organization of cellular organelle (their structure and functions), Central dogma of cell biology (Transcription and Translation), Meiosis and Mitosis

· Protozoa: Reproduction pattern on in protozoan, Parasitism in protozoan

· Mesozoza and Parazoa: Porifera: Cells types, body wall and skeleton and water currents system, Coelenterata: Reproduction plan and alteration of generation (Polymorphism)

· Tissues Types: epithelial, connective, muscle and nervous tissue; organs and organ systems.

· Enzymes function and factors affecting their activity, cofactors and coenzymes.
Energy Harvesting: Aerobic and anaerobic respiration the major source of ATP.

· Mendel’s law of inheritance, Chromosomal basis of inheritance, Multiple alleles, Eukaryotic chromosomes: Mutations and chromosomal aberrations.

· Ecological Concepts: Interactions, Concepts and components of ecosystem, Food chain, Food web, Biogeochemical cycles, Forest, Biomes, Wildlife conservation and management, Environmental pollution, Green house effect, Acid rain, Global warming.

· Evolution: Darwinian evolutionary theory based on natural selection and the evidence, Microevolution: Genetic variation and change within species, Macroevolution: Species and speciation (Allopatric, Parapatric and Sympatric speciation)

IV. Animal Form and Function

· Protection, Support and Movement: Integumentary system of invertebrates and vertebrates; Animal muscles: the muscular system of invertebrates and vertebrates.

· Digestion and Nutrition: Feeding mechanism, Digestion, Organization and regional function of alimentary canals, Regulation of food intake, Nutritional requirements

· Internal Fluids and Respiration: Internal fluid environment, Composition of blood, Circulation and respiration mechanisms

· Homeostasis: Excretion, Vertebrate kidney mechanisms, Temperature regulation

· Nervous Coordination: Nervous system and Sense: Functional units of nervous systems, Synapses junctions between nerves.

· Chemical Coordination: Endocrine System; Vertebrate endocrine glands and types of hormones, Mechanism of hormones action,

· Animal behavior: Learning, Habituation, Insight learning, latent learning, classical learning: Control of Behavior; social behavior

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