Introduction to Organic Chemistry By Jhon Tappan

Description

INTRODUCTION TO ORGANIC CHEMISTRY Organic chemistry is the chemistry of the compounds of carbon. Although the fundamental laws and theories of chemistry are as applicable to these compounds as to all others, there are several reasons for their separate treatment. In the first place, the number of compounds that contain carbon is extraordinarily large. The only other elements that enter into the composition of any very large number of substances are hydrogen and oxygen; and we shall see that hydrogen and oxygen are quite usually associated with carbon in the organic compounds. The association, however, is of such a nature that carbon is the dominant element, so to speak, remaining intact in very many of the chemical changes that occur, while hydrogen and oxygen are added, subtracted, or exchanged for other elements or groups of elements. The great number and variety of the compounds in which carbon is a constituent is of itself a sufficient ground for making their discussion a separ

Table of Contents

CONTENTS; Chapter Page; I Preliminary Discussion1 i; II The Paraffins or Hydrocarbons of the Methane; Series„ 15; III Halogen Substitution Products of the Paraffins 31; IV Unsaturated Hydrocarbons 42; V The Alcohols 57; VI The Ethers, 70; VII Aldehydes and Ketones 76; VIII Simple Monobasic Acids 94; IX Acid Chlorides-Anhydrides-Esters 114; X Amines and Amides-Nitro-compounds 127; XI Cyanogen and Cyanogen Compounds 144; XII polyhydroxyl alcohols 155; XIII Oxidation Derivatives of Polyhydroxyl Alcohols; -Stereochemistry 161; XIV Polybasic Acids and Alcohol-acids 177; XV Carbohydrates-Fermentation-Enzymes 198; XVI Derivatives of Carbonic Acid 227; XVII Compounds Containing Sulphur 236; XVIII Some Halogen and Amino Derivatives 245; XIX Cyclo-paraffins 257; XX Aromatic Hydrocarbons-Orientation 265 XXI Halogen Derivatives-Sulphonic Acids-Nitro-compounds-Influence of Substituents on Each Other 284; XXII Aromatic Amines 3

Introduction to Organic Chemistry By Jhon Tappan